Turbidity

= = = = =__What Is Turbidity?__=    Turbidity is the measurement of how much light can travel through water with scattered living or nonliving particles in the water and is usually measured in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) or Jackson Turbidity Units (JTU). These measurements will indicate whether the turbidity of the water is high or low. Water with high turbidity is murky and dark, and is unhealthy to aquatic life. Low turbidity is more transparent and is healthier for aquatic life.(4) (6) =__  What Causes High Turbidity? __=  High turbidity can occur in many ways. Sediments from elevated areas may wash into nearby water ways in rain, and overtime create murky water.(4) Additionally, urban runoff and animal waste may be transported by rain shedding mainly from farms and ranches. Other causes of high turbidity is the waste people dump into the rivers and streams like sewage and trash.(2)  __ ** Effects High Turbidity Can Cause ** __       Pollution of rivers and streams can have a significant impact to the well being of the life in the water. One is that the abundance of algae and phytoplankton on top of waterways can block out the sunlight that is so vital to photosynthesis. <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Without photosynthesis, aquatic plants would not be able to create dissolved oxygen which is the substance that fish need to breath.(2) High turbidity will also result in        <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">  <span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">darkening and raising the temperatures of the water. Darker water with sediments will retain heat from the sun, and raise the temperature of the water. This would result in the lack of dissolved oxygen, making it harder for fish to breath.(4) An additional affect to difficulty of breathing for fish is that the pollution surrounding the fish clogs up their gills over time  <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">.(8)

<span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">__<span style="font-size: 160%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**How To Prevent High Turbidity** __ <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">It is very difficult to stop a body of water to become turbid, but there are ways to prevent it from happening. One way you can stop silt from getting into the water is by using a protective barrier or water curtain. A protective barrier can be placed along a river, lake, etc. so that silt and other sediments can not wash up in the water. Unfortunately the barrier can not stop phytoplankton and algae from making the water turbid.(5) <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Scientists and inventors are now trying to come up with other ways to stop high turbidity in lakes in rivers. One idea is to create a sensor that detects how turbid the water passing through is. If the sensors finds that it is too turbid, it will send the water through a filter. The filter then cleans the water.[5] [5]

**Sources** **:** <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[1] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, D.C.  [|"National Management Measures to Control]        ==<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">       == <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">      <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[2] Chapters 7 and 8. Document No. EPA 841-B-05-004. November 2005.         <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">        <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">2.U.S.        <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Fish and Wildlife Service. Annapolis, MD.       <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"> [|Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas."]     <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">             <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">  <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">               <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">  <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[3] U.S. EPA. Chesapeake Bay Program. Annapolis, MD accessed on 1/4/09. <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> [|"Decline of Submerged Plants in Chesapeake Bay."]           <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">    <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Georgia,serif;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> **<span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[4]  <span style="color: rgb(0,0,0);"> Copyright © 1998-2008   ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Lenntech     <span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">& <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> air purification Holding B.V.       <span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> [|**Water treatment**]  <span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">   <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">accessed on 1/6/09

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<span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> [|**http://www.lenntech.com/turbidity.htm**] <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[5] <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Barriers, 2007, Watermark Navigations Systems LLC, accessed on 1/7/09/,     http://navbuoy.com/barriers/ <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> [6]   <span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> General Information. Water Sheeds. 1976 accessed on 1/5/09. <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">[|www.water.ncsu.edu/ watershedss/info/turbid.html] =<span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> = <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;"> [8]    <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">http://www.snh.org.uk/publications/on-line/advisorynotes/22/22.htm,Authors: Rachel Bronsdon, Institute of Hydrology, Stirling. Jonathan Clark, EarthSciences Branch. Scottish Natural Heritage, <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Edinburgh. 1/8/09 <span style="font-size: 70%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif;">[9] <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">.1/9/09 <span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS', cursive;">[|www.ozcoasts.org.au/ glossary/def_c-d.jsp]

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