Acidity

  __Acidity__   [1] This is a pH scale used to measure how acidic or basic something is.  <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="display: block; color: rgb(31, 26, 26); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;">__What is an Acid?__          <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(166, 7, 7);"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(179, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="display: block; color: rgb(31, 26, 26); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;">           <span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(179, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">An acid is a chemical compound that can release hydrogen atoms to make chemical reactions.[2] They taste sour, dissolve metal, and are very good electricity conductors. When you want to measure how acidic or how base something is you can use a pH scale. On a pH scale 0-6 is acidic, 8-14 is base or alkaline, and 7 is neutral.[3] __<span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(166, 7, 7);"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(179, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">What is Acid Rain __ <span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(166, 7, 7);"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(179, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Acid Rain is a rain, sleet, snow, and any thing like this with an acid being carried with it. Acids that form acid rain are sulfuric acid or nitric acid. Acid rain is bad for lakes, streams, rivers, oceans and         <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">  <span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(166, 7, 7);"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(179, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">any other body of water. Acid rain can kill fish and the plants that are living in the water that the acid rain is falling into.[4] <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">[7] This is a picture showing the cycle of acid rain. <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(166, 7, 7);"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(179, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> __<span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;">What causes acid rain? __            <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">  <span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(166, 7, 7);"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(179, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="display: block; font-size: 90%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;">    Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction beginning with a compound. a compound is a mixture containing two or more parts. The compounds such as sulfuric or nitric oxide. These compounds rise into the atmosphere and mix with water oxygen, and other chemicals to form acid rain.[9]

<span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(179, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(31, 26, 26);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> __<span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(25, 21, 21); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">How does Acid Rain Affect Human Health? __             <span style="color: rgb(179, 9, 9); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(31, 26, 26);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(185, 9, 9);"> <span style="color: rgb(22, 19, 19); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Health Scientists Say: Acid Rain has certain chemicals that can cause asthma, dry coughs, headaches, and eye, nose, and throat irritations. Health Scientists also believe that two of the acids in acid rain, sulfuric and nitric acids, breakdown oils. Your body has an oily coating that helps to fight off bacteria and other harmful diseases. When the acids start to break down the coating your body is left helpless to bacterial infections and the drying out of your skin, which can be DEADLY.[4] __ <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Where do Acids Come From and How do Certain Acids affect People? __      <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Acid rain is usually comes from the following chemicals or acids being released into the air: <span style="color: rgb(184, 10, 10);"> <span style="color: rgb(184, 10, 10);"> <span style="color: rgb(184, 10, 10);"> <span style="color: rgb(184, 10, 10);"> <span style="color: rgb(184, 10, 10);"> <span style="color: rgb(184, 10, 10);"> <span style="color: rgb(184, 10, 10);"> <span style="color: rgb(184, 10, 10);"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Most of these pollutants are similar in different ways. So there has to be similar solutions![5] <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">__ Solutions to Acid Rain __ There are two __main__ solutions to acid rain. These solutions are scrubbers and not using as much sulfur coal. Scrubbers are just like filters for all the harmful gases in factory and industrial fumes. Scrubbers reduce about 80-95 percent of sulfur oxides in the air. Unfortunately certain types of scrubbers don't remove nitrogen oxides which are also harmful to the environment. Another down side to the scrubbers are that scrubbers are very expensive. Using lower amounts of sulfur coal while manufacturing different essentials to the economy. Most high sulfur coal is mined in the Midwest regions. Most of the lower sulfur coal is mined in western states like Wyoming and Montana. Low sulfur coal isn't found everywhere in the U.S. so it's not only expensive to transport the low sulfur coal but, it is also very difficult. The U.S. government has been working on more economically efficient ways to acid rain solutions.[6] __ <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> How Does acidity effect the environment? <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">  __ <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is rising and this is causing more and more acid in the air. The acid in the air is causing the oceans, lakes, river and other bodies of water to be extremely acidic. Some scientist think that by the end of the century acidic water could start killing off coral reefs and other plants and animals living in the environment. At a beach in northern California waters are coming to shore that are acidic enough to erode seashells! This is water acid rain did to a street sighn after hitting it over and over. [8]
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Carbon dioxide- Carbon dioxide can be released into the air by burning coal, oil, and natural gases. Breathing in carbon dioxide can cause very serious health problems.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Carbon monoxide- Carbon monoxide can be released into the air by burning gasoline, oil, and wood. When carbon monoxide enters the body it gets into the bloodstream. When carbon monoxide enters the bloodstream it can slow down the delivery of oxygen to the rest of the body. Which can cause problems.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Chlorofluorocarbons- Chlorofluorocarbons otherwise known as CFC's, are released into the air by industries, refrigerating systems, air conditioning systems, and other products that ordinary people like us us everyday. When CFC's are released into the air they damage the stratospheric ozone layer. The stratospheric ozone layer helps protect earth from the sun's harmful rays.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Lead- Lead is released into the air by house and car paints. Also from manufacturing lead batteries, certain parts of bullets, and fishing lures. In young children lead can cause damage in the nervous system and learning problems.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Nitrogen Oxides- Nitrogen Oxides are released into the air by burning fuels such as gasoline and coal. Breathing in Nitrogen Oxides can cause lots of problems in the lungs like asthma and respiratory difficulties.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Particulate matter- Particulate matter, otherwise known as PM, is released into the air by trucks, cars, and buses that are burning diesel fuel, fertilizers, and pesticides. PM can cause serious or minor lung damage.
 * <span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(26, 30, 27);"><span style="color: rgb(25, 21, 21);"><span style="color: rgb(28, 23, 23); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> Sulfur dioxides- Sulfur dioxides are released into the air by burning coal, making paper, and burning metal. Sulfur dioxides can cause damage to the lungs, harm to plants and ecosystems, and can damage metals.

__**Source:**__ [1] "pHscale" < [|www.goodhealthywater.com/ images/phchart.gif] > [2] "Acid." //Science Online//. Facts On File, Inc. [|http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE40&SID=5&iPin=NS10060&SingleRecord=True]<span class="wiki_link_ext"> <span class="wiki_link_ext"> (accessed December 16, 2008). [3]Chertow, Marian R. "Acid rain." __World Book Online Reference Center__. 2008. [Place of access.] 19 Dec. 2008 <http://www.worldbookonline.com/wb/Article?id=ar002930>.

[4] "Acid Rain" <[|www.angelfire.com/nc3/pictures5/-17k]> [5] "Acid Rain" //What is acid rain caused by?// <[|www.library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/acid_rain.htm-37k]> [6]"Acid Rain Solutions" //Virtual Chembook <// [|www.elmhurst.edu/~chm/vchembook/197acidrainsoln.html] > [7] "How Acid Rain Works" 1998. Howstuffworks. http://science.howstuffworks.com/acid-rain.htm [8] <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 50%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 180%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">Growing Ocean Acidity May Erode Coastal Ecosystems  <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">John Roach for  <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">[|National Geographic News]  <span style="font-size: 80%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 90%; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">May 22, 2008   http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/05/080522-acid-oceans.html [9] [|www.epa.gov/**acidrain**/education/site_students/what**causes**.html]